References
BALLINGER, R. (2005), ‘A sea change at the coast: the contemporary context and future prospects of integrated coastal management in the UK’, in H. Smith and J. Potts (eds), Managing Britain’s Marine and Coastal Environment, Abingdon, Routledge and the National Maritime Museum, 186–216.
BEATLEY, T., BROWER, D. and SCHWAB, A. (2002), An Introduction to Coastal Zone Management, Washington, DC, Island Press.
BOYES, S. and ELLIOT, M. (2015), ‘The excessive complexity of national marine governance systems: has this decreased in England since the introduction of the Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009?’, Marine Policy, 51, 57–65.
BROWN, K., TOMPKINS, E. L. and ADGER, W. N. (2002), Making Waves: Integrating Coastal Conservation and Development, London, Earthscan.
BURROUGHS, R. (2015), ‘Feedback switching and the evolution of US coastal management’, Marine Policy, 53, 94–100.
CAMPBELL, H. (2012), ‘“Planning ethics” and rediscovering the idea of planning’, Planning Theory, 11, 379–99.
CICIN-SAIN, B. (1993), ‘Sustainable development and integrated coastal management’, Ocean and Coastal Management, 21, 11–43.
COUNCIL OF EUROPE COMMITTEE OF MINISTERS (1973), On the Protection of Coastal Areas (Resolution (73) 29), https://rm.coe.int/09000016804f0990 (accessed 5 April 2014).
COUNTRYSIDE COMMISSION (1968), The Coasts of England and Wales: Measurements of Use, Protection and Development, London, HMSO.
COUNTRYSIDE COMMISSION (1969), Coastal Recreation and Holidays (Special Study Report Volume 1), London, HMSO.
COUNTRYSIDE COMMISSION (1970a), The Coastal Heritage: A Conservation Policy for Coasts of High Quality Scenery, London, HMSO.
COUNTRYSIDE COMMISSION (1970b), Nature Conservation at the Coast (Special Study Report Volume 2), London, HMSO.
COUNTRYSIDE COMMISSION (1970c), The Planning of the Coastline, London, HMSO.
CULLINGWORTH, J. B. (1988), Town and Country Planning in Britain, 10th edn, London, Unwin Hyman.
CURRY, N. (1994), Countryside Recreation, Access and Land Use Planning, London, Spon.
DAVIDSON, R. and ENTRIKIN, J. (2005), ‘The Los Angeles coast as a public place’, Geographical Review, 95, 578–93.
DAVOUDI, S. (2015), ‘Environment, sustainability and climate change’, in J. Cullingworth, V. Nadin, T. Hart, J. Pendlebury, G. Vigar, D. Webb and T. Townshend (eds), Town and Country Planning in the UK, 15th edition, London, Routledge, 245–316.
DAVOUDI, S., CRAWFORD, J., RAYNOR, R., REID, B., SYKES, O. and SHAW, D. (2018), ‘Spatial imaginaries: tyrannies or transformations?’, Town Planning Review, 89, 97–124.
DAVOUDI, S. and STRANGE, I. (eds) (2009), Conceptions of Space and Place in Strategic Spatial Planning, London, Routledge.
DCLG (DEPARTMENT FOR COMMUNITIES AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT) (2010a), Planning Policy Statement 25: Development and Flood Risk, London, DCLG.
DCLG (DEPARTMENT FOR COMMUNITIES AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT) (2010b), Planning Policy Statement 25 Supplement: Development and Coastal Change, London, DCLG.
DCLG (DEPARTMENT FOR COMMUNITIES AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT) (2012), National Planning Policy Framework, London, DCLG.
DEFRA (DEPARTMENT FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOOD AND RURAL AFFAIRS) (2002), Safeguarding Our Seas: A Strategy for the Conservation and Sustainable Development of Our Marine Environment, London, DEFRA.
DEFRA (DEPARTMENT FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOOD AND RURAL AFFAIRS) (2003), Shoreline Management Plans, http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/flooding/policy/guidance/smp.htm (accessed 10 September 2012).
DEFRA (DEPARTMENT FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOOD AND RURAL AFFAIRS) (2004), Making Space for Water: Taking Forward a New Government Strategy for Flood and Coastal Erosion Risk Management in England – A Consultation Exercise, London, DEFRA.
DEFRA (DEPARTMENT FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOOD AND RURAL AFFAIRS) (2005), Making Space for Water: Taking Forward a New Government Strategy for Flood and Coastal Erosion Risk Management in England (First Government Response to the Autumn 2004 Making Space for Water Consultation Exercise), London, DEFRA.
DEFRA (DEPARTMENT FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOOD AND RURAL AFFAIRS) (2006a), Promoting an Integrated Approach to Management of the Coastal Zone (ICZM) in England: A Consultation Document, London, DEFRA.
DEFRA (DEPARTMENT FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOOD AND RURAL AFFAIRS) (2006b), Report from the United Kingdom: Implementation of (2002/413/EC) Recommendation of the European Parliament and of the Council, of 3 May 2002, Concerning the Implementation of Integrated Coastal Zone Management in Europe, http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/marine/documents/protected/iczm/ukreport-march06.pdf (accessed 5 September 2013).
DEFRA (DEPARTMENT FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOOD AND RURAL AFFAIRS) (2007), Summary of Responses to the Consultation: Promoting an Integrated Approach to Management of the Coastal Zone (ICZM) in England, London, DEFRA.
DEFRA (DEPARTMENT FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOOD AND RURAL AFFAIRS) (2008), A Strategy for Promoting an Integrated Approach to the Management of Coastal Areas in England, London, DEFRA.
DEFRA (DEPARTMENT FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOOD AND RURAL AFFAIRS) (2011), A Description of the Marine Planning System for England, London, DEFRA.
DOE (DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT) (1963), Circular: Coastline Preservation and Development, London, HMSO.
DOE (DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT) (1972), Circular: Planning of the Undeveloped Coast, London, HMSO.
DOE (DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT) (1992a), Government’s Response to the Second Report from the House of Commons Select Committee on the Environment: Coastal Zone Planning and Management, London, HMSO.
DOE (DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT) (1992b), PPG12, Development Plans and Regional Planning Guidance, London, HMSO.
DOE (DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT) (1992c), PPG 20: Coastal Planning, London, HMSO.
DOWER, J. (1945), National Parks in England and Wales (Cmd6628), London, HMSO.
DRANKIER, P. (2012), ‘Embedding maritime spatial planning in national legal frameworks’, Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning, 14, 7–27.
EC (EUROPEAN COMMISSION) (1979), Council Directive 79/409/EEC on the Conservation of Wild Birds, Brussels, European Commission.
EC (EUROPEAN COMMISSION) (1992), Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora, Brussels, European Commission.
EC (EUROPEAN COMMISSION) (1999a), Towards a European Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) Strategy: General Principles and Policy Options, Luxembourg, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
EC (EUROPEAN COMMISSION) (1999b), Lessons from the European Commission’s Demonstration Program on Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM), Brussels, European Commission.
EC (EUROPEAN COMMISSION) (2000a), Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council Establishing a Framework for Community Action in the Field of Water Policy, Brussels, European Commission.
EC (EUROPEAN COMMISSION) (2000b), On Integrated Coastal Zone Management: A Strategy for Europe (COM/00/547), Luxembourg, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
EC (EUROPEAN COMMISSION) (2002), Recommendation of the European Parliament and of the Council 2002/413/EC on the Implementation of Integrated Coastal Zone Management, Brussels, European Commission.
EC (EUROPEAN COMMISSION) (2006), Green Paper: Towards a Future Maritime Policy for the Union: A European Vision for the Oceans and Seas (COM (2006) 275), Brussels, European Commission.
EC (EUROPEAN COMMISSION) (2007), Directive 2007/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2007 on the Assessment and Management of Flood Risks (Floods Directive), Brussels, European Commission.
EC (EUROPEAN COMMISSION) (2008a), Directive 2008/56/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 Establishing a Framework for Community Action in the Field of Marine Environmental Policy (Marine Strategy Framework Directive), Brussels, European Commission.
EC (EUROPEAN COMMISSION) (2008b), Roadmap for Maritime Spatial Planning: Achieving Common Principles in the EU (COM/2008/791, communication), Brussels, European Commission.
EC (EUROPEAN COMMISSION) (2009), Council Directive 2009/147/EC on the Conservation of Wild Birds, Luxembourg, Official Journal of the European Union.
EC (EUROPEAN COMMISSION) (2010), Communication on Maritime Spatial Planning in the EU: Achievements and Future Development (COM (2010) 771), Brussels, European Commission.
EC (EUROPEAN COMMISSION) (2011), Council Directive 2011/92/EU on the Assessment of the Effects of Certain Public and Private Projects on the Environment (Environmental Impact Assessment Directive), Luxembourg, Official Journal of the European Union.
EC (EUROPEAN COMMISSION) (2012a), Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: Blue Growth Opportunities for Marine and Maritime Sustainable Growth (COM (2012) 494), Brussels, European Commission.
EC (EUROPEAN COMMISSION) (2012b), Links between the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD 2008/56/EC) and the Nature Directives (Birds Directive 2009/147/EEC and Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC), http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/natura2000/marine/docs/FAQ%20final%202012-07-27.pdf (accessed 21 October 2012).
EDWARDS, J. (2014), Lessons to Be Learned from the First Marine Plan, http://www.wildlifetrusts.org/blog/joan/2014/04/02/lessons-be-learned-first-marine-plan (accessed 5 April 2014).
EDWARDS, S., JONES, P. and NOWELL, D. (1997), ‘Participation in coastal zone management initiatives: a review and analysis on examples from the UK’, Ocean and Coastal Management, 36, 143–65.
EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCY (2006), The Changing Faces of Europe’s Coastal Areas, Luxembourg, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
FLANNERY, W. and O’CINNÉIDE, M. (2012a), ‘Deriving lessons relating to marine spatial planning from Canada’s Eastern Scotian shelf integrated management initiative’, Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 14, 97–117.
FLANNERY, W. and O’CINNÉIDE, M. (2012b), ‘A roadmap for marine spatial planning: a critical examination of the European Commission’s guiding principles based on their application in the Clyde MSP Pilot Project’, Marine Policy, 36, 265–71.
FLETCHER, S., JEFFERSON, R., GLEGG, G., RODWELL, L. and DODDS, W. (2014), ‘England’s evolving marine and coastal governance framework’, Marine Policy, 45, 261–68.
FRENCH, P. (2004), ‘The changing nature of, and approaches to, UK coastal management at the start of the twenty-first century’, Geographical Journal, 170, 116–25.
HEALEY, P. (2007), Urban Complexity and Spatial Strategies: Towards a Relational Planning for our Time, London, Routledge.
HILLIER, J. (2010), ‘Strategic navigation in an ocean of theoretical and practice complexity’, in J. Hillier and P. Healey (eds), The Ashgate Research Companion to Planning Theory, Farnham, Ashgate, 447–80.
HM GOVERNMENT (1944), The Control of Land Use (White Paper, Cmd 6537), London, HMSO.
HM GOVERNMENT (2011a), The Natural Choice: Securing the Value of Nature, London, TSO.
HM GOVERNMENT (2011b), UK Marine Policy Statement, London, TSO.
HM GOVERNMENT (2014), East Inshore and East Offshore Marine Plans, https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/312496/east-plan.pdf (accessed 21 July 2014).
HM GOVERNMENT (2018), South Inshore and South Offshore Marine Plans, https://assets.publishing. service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/726867/South_Marine_Plan_2018.pdf (accessed 15 December 2018).
HOUSE OF COMMONS ENVIRONMENT SELECT COMMITTEE (1992), Coastal Zone Protection and Planning (Second Report), London, HMSO.
HULL, A. (2013), ‘Managing competition for marine space using the tools of planning in the UK’, Planning Practice and Research, 28, 503–26.
JANSSEN, H., KIDD, S. and KVINGE, T. (2013), ‘A spatial typology for the sea: a contribution from the Baltic’, Marine Policy, 42, 190–97.
JAY, S. (2010), ‘Built at sea: marine management and the construction of marine spatial planning’, Town Planning Review, 81, 173–91.
JAY, S. (2012), ‘Marine space: manoeuvring towards a relational understanding’, Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning, 14, 81–96.
JAY, S., ELLIS, G. and KIDD, S. (2012), ‘Marine spatial planning: a new frontier?’, Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning, 14, 1–5.
KAY, R. and ALDER, J. (2005), Coastal Planning and Management, 2nd edn, London, Taylor and Francis.
KIDD, S., MALTBY, E., ROBINSON, L., BARKER, A. and LUMB, C. (2011), ‘The ecosystem approach and planning and management of the marine environment’, in S. Kidd, A. Plater and C. Frid (eds), The Ecosystem Approach to Marine Planning and Management, London, Earthscan, 1–33.
KIDD, S. and SHAW, D. (2014), ‘The social and political realities of marine spatial planning: some land-based reflections’, ICES Journal of Marine Science, 71, 1535–41.
LEDOUX, L., VERMAAT, J., BOUWER, L., SALOMONS, W. and TURNER, K. (2006), ‘ELOISE research and the implementation of EU policy in the coastal zone’, in J. Vermaat, L. Bouwer, K. Turner and W. Salomons (eds), Managing European Coasts: Past, Present and Future, Berlin, Springer, 1–58.
LEFEBVRE, H. (1991), The Production of Space (translated by Donald Nicholson-Smith), Oxford, Basil Blackwell.
LENNON, M. and SCOTT, M. (2014), ‘Delivering ecosystems services via spatial planning: reviewing the possibilities and implications of a green infrastructure approach’, Town Planning Review, 85, 563–87.
LEYSHON, C. (2018), ‘Finding the coast: environmental governance and the characterization of land and sea’, Area, 50, 150–58.
LYDDON, W. (1983), ‘Land use and environmental planning for the development of North Sea gas and oil: the Scottish experience’, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 4, 473–92.
MACEWEN, A. and MACEWEN, M. (1982), National Parks: Conservation or Cosmetics?, The Resource Management Series, 5, London, Allen and Unwin.
McGOWAN, L. (2011), ‘Practice and prospects for integrated coastal zone management in the UK’ (PhD thesis), University of Liverpool.
MARINE SCOTLAND (2010), Scottish Sustainable Marine Environment Initiative. Project Evaluation, Edinburgh, Marine Scotland.
MARINE SCOTLAND (2014), Scotland’s National Marine Plan, Edinburgh, The Scottish Government.
MASSEY, D. (2005), For Space, London, SAGE.
MEE, L., COOPER, P., KANNEN, A., GILBERT, A. and O’HIGGINS, T. (2015), ‘Sustaining Europe’s seas as coupled social–ecological systems’, Ecology and Society, 20, 1.
MULRENNAN, M. and SCOTT, C. (2000), ‘Mare nullius: indigenous rights in saltwater environments’, Development and Change, 31, 681–708.
MURDOCH, J. (2006), Post-structuralist Geography: A Critical Introduction, London, SAGE.
NATIONAL PARKS COMMITTEE (1947), Report of the National Parks Committee (England and Wales) (Cmd 7121), London, HMSO.
NICHOLLS, R., TOWNEND, H., BRADBURY, A., RAMSBOTTOM, D. and DAY, S. (2013), ‘Planning for long-term coastal change: experiences from England and Wales’, Ocean Engineering, 71, 3–16.
NORTH WEST REGIONAL ASSOCIATION (1994), Greener Growth: Regional Planning Guidance for North West England, Manchester, North West Regional Association.
O’HAGAN, A. and BALLINGER, R. (2009), ‘Coastal governance in North West Europe: an assessment of approaches to the European stocktake’, Marine Policy, 33, 912–22.
OLESEN, K. (2014), ‘The neoliberalisation of strategic spatial planning’, Planning Theory, 13, 288–303.
O’RIORDAN, T., NICHOLSON-COLE, S. and MILLIGAN, J. (2008), ‘Designing sustainable coastal futures’, Twenty-First Century Society, 3, 145–57.
PEEL, D. and LLOYD, G. (2004), ‘The social reconstruction of the marine environment: towards marine spatial planning?’, Town Planning Review, 75, 359–78.
PEEL, D. and LLOYD, G. (2008), ‘Government and planning policy in the marine environment: regulating aquaculture in Scotland’, Geographical Journal, 174, 361–73.
PEW OCEANS COMMISSION (2003), America’s Living Oceans: Charting a Course for Sea Change, Arlington, VA, Pew Oceans Commission.
PIERCE, J. and MARTIN, D. (2015), ‘Placing Lefebvre’, Antipode, 47, 1279–99.
PIERCE, J., MARTIN, D. and MURPHY, J. (2011), ‘Relational place-making: the networked politics of place’, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 36, 54–70.
POTTS, J. (1999), ‘The non-statutory approach to coastal defence in England and Wales: coastal defence groups and shoreline management plans’, Marine Policy, 23, 479–500.
QIU, W. and JONES, P. (2013), ‘The emerging policy landscape for marine spatial planning in Europe’, Marine Policy, 39, 182–90.
RODWELL, L., FLETCHER, S., GLEGG, S., CAMPBELL, M., REES, S., ASHLEY, M., LINLEY, E., FROST, M., EARLL, B., WYNNE, R., MEE, L., ALMADA-VILLELA, P., LEAR, D., STANGER, P., COLENUTT, A., DAVENPORT, F., BARKER-BRADSHAW, N. and COVEY, R. (2014), ‘Marine and coastal policy in the UK: challenges and opportunities in a new era’, Marine Policy, 45, 251–58.
ROE, M. (2000), ‘Landscape planning for sustainability: community participation in estuary management plans’, Landscape Research, 25, 157–81.
RYKS, J. (2014), ‘Land/seascapes of exclusion: the new colonial project’, Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 55, 38–53.
SAS, E., FISCHHENDLER, I. and PORTMAN, M. (2010), ‘The demarcation of arbitrary boundaries for coastal zone management: the Israeli case’, Journal of Environmental Management, 91, 2358–69.
SCOTTISH COASTAL FORUM (2004), A Strategy for Scotland’s Coast and Inshore Waters: Statement of Intent, Edinburgh, Scottish Coastal Forum.
SCOTTISH DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT (1974), North Sea Oil and Gas Coastal Planning Guidelines, Edinburgh, Scottish Office.
SCOTTISH EXECUTIVE (2005), Seas the Opportunity: A Strategy for the Long Term Sustainability of Scotland’s Coasts and Seas, Edinburgh, The Scottish Government.
SCOTTISH GOVERNMENT (2010), Scottish Planning Policy, Edinburgh, The Scottish Government.
SCOTTISH GOVERNMENT (2014), National Planning Framework 3, Edinburgh, The Scottish Government.
SCOTTISH GOVERNMENT (2015a), Circular 1/2015: The Relationship between the Statutory Land Use Planning System and Marine Planning and Licensing, Edinburgh, The Scottish Government.
SCOTTISH GOVERNMENT (2015b), Scotland’s National Marine Plan: A Single Framework for Managing Our Seas, Edinburgh, The Scottish Government.
SCOTTISH OFFICE (1996), Scotland’s Coasts: A Discussion Paper, Edinburgh, HMSO.
SCOTTISH OFFICE (1997), National Planning Policy Guideline 13: Coastal Planning, http://www.gov.scot/Publications/1997/08/nppg13-coastal (accessed 15 May 2014).
SCOTTISH OFFICE (1998), Planning Advice Note 53: Classifying the Coast for Planning Purposes, Edinburgh, HMSO.
SELMAN, P. and SWANWICK, C. (2010), ‘On the meaning of natural beauty in landscape legislation’, Landscape Research, 35, 3–26.
SHEAIL, J. (1975), ‘The concept of national parks in Great Britain 1900–1950’, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 66, 41–56.
SHIPMAN, B. and STOJANOVIC, T. (2007), ‘Facts, fictions and failures of integrated coastal zone management in Europe’, Coastal Management, 35, 375–98.
SHUCKSMITH, R., GRAY, L., KELLY, C. and TWEDDLE, J. (2014), ‘Regional marine spatial planning: the data collection and mapping process’, Marine Policy, 50, 1–9.
SILVER, J. (2014), ‘From fishing to farming: shellfish aquaculture expansion and the complexities of ocean space on Canada’s west coast’, Applied Geography, 54, 110–17.
SMITH, H., BALLINGER, R. and STOJANOVIC, T. (2012), ‘The spatial development basis of marine spatial planning in the United Kingdom’, Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 14, 29–47.
SMITH, H., MAES, F., STOJANOVIC, T. and BALLINGER, R. (2011), ‘The integration of marine and spatial planning’, Journal of Coastal Conservation, 15, 291–303.
SORENSEN, J. (1993), ‘The international proliferation of integrated coastal zone management efforts’, Ocean and Coastal Zone Management, 21, 45–80.
STEAD, S. and MCGLASHAN, D. (2006), ‘A coastal and marine national park for Scotland in partnership with integrated coastal zone management’, Ocean Coastal Management, 49, 22–41.
STEINBERG, P. (2013), ‘Of other seas: metaphors and materialities in maritime regions’, Atlantic Studies: Global Currents, 10, 156–69.
STEPHEN, F. and JONATHAN, P. (2008), ‘Coastal and marine governance in the United Kingdom: editorial’, Geographical Journal, 174, 295–98.
STOCKER, L. and KENNEDY, D. (2009), ‘Cultural models of the coast in Australia: toward sustainability’, Coastal Management, 37, 387–404.
STOJANOVIC, T. and BALLINGER, R. (2009), ‘Integrated coastal management: a comparative analysis of four UK initiatives’, Applied Geography, 29, 49–62.
STOJANOVIC, T. and BARKER, N. (2008), ‘Improving governance through local coastal partnerships in the UK’, Geographical Journal, 174, 344–60.
STOJANOVIC, T. and FARMER, C. (2013), ‘The development of world oceans and coasts and concepts of sustainability’, Marine Policy 42, 157–65.
TAUSSIK, J. (1996), ‘Development plans and the coastal zone’, Town Planning Review, 67, 397–420.
TAUSSIK, J. (1997), ‘The influence of institutional systems on planning the coastal zone: experience from England/Wales and Sweden’, Planning Practice and Research, 12, 9–19.
UN (UNITED NATIONS) (1982), United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, New York, UN.
UNESA (UNITED NATIONS DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL AFFAIRS) (1992), Agenda 21, https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/Agenda21.pdf (accessed 15 February 2015).
USCOP (US COMMISSION ON OCEAN POLICY) (2004), An Ocean Blueprint for the 21st Century: Final Report, Washington, DC, USCOP.
WALSH, C. (2018), ‘Metageographies of coastal management: negotiating spaces of nature and culture at the Wadden Sea’, Area, 50, 177–85.
WORLD COMMISSION ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT (1987), Our Common Future, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
BALLINGER, R. (2005), ‘A sea change at the coast: the contemporary context and future prospects of integrated coastal management in the UK’, in H. Smith and J. Potts (eds), Managing Britain’s Marine and Coastal Environment, Abingdon, Routledge and the National Maritime Museum, 186–216.
BEATLEY, T., BROWER, D. and SCHWAB, A. (2002), An Introduction to Coastal Zone Management, Washington, DC, Island Press.
BOYES, S. and ELLIOT, M. (2015), ‘The excessive complexity of national marine governance systems: has this decreased in England since the introduction of the Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009?’, Marine Policy, 51, 57–65.
BROWN, K., TOMPKINS, E. L. and ADGER, W. N. (2002), Making Waves: Integrating Coastal Conservation and Development, London, Earthscan.
BURROUGHS, R. (2015), ‘Feedback switching and the evolution of US coastal management’, Marine Policy, 53, 94–100.
CAMPBELL, H. (2012), ‘“Planning ethics” and rediscovering the idea of planning’, Planning Theory, 11, 379–99.
CICIN-SAIN, B. (1993), ‘Sustainable development and integrated coastal management’, Ocean and Coastal Management, 21, 11–43.
COUNCIL OF EUROPE COMMITTEE OF MINISTERS (1973), On the Protection of Coastal Areas (Resolution (73) 29), https://rm.coe.int/09000016804f0990 (accessed 5 April 2014).
COUNTRYSIDE COMMISSION (1968), The Coasts of England and Wales: Measurements of Use, Protection and Development, London, HMSO.
COUNTRYSIDE COMMISSION (1969), Coastal Recreation and Holidays (Special Study Report Volume 1), London, HMSO.
COUNTRYSIDE COMMISSION (1970a), The Coastal Heritage: A Conservation Policy for Coasts of High Quality Scenery, London, HMSO.
COUNTRYSIDE COMMISSION (1970b), Nature Conservation at the Coast (Special Study Report Volume 2), London, HMSO.
COUNTRYSIDE COMMISSION (1970c), The Planning of the Coastline, London, HMSO.
CULLINGWORTH, J. B. (1988), Town and Country Planning in Britain, 10th edn, London, Unwin Hyman.
CURRY, N. (1994), Countryside Recreation, Access and Land Use Planning, London, Spon.
DAVIDSON, R. and ENTRIKIN, J. (2005), ‘The Los Angeles coast as a public place’, Geographical Review, 95, 578–93.
DAVOUDI, S. (2015), ‘Environment, sustainability and climate change’, in J. Cullingworth, V. Nadin, T. Hart, J. Pendlebury, G. Vigar, D. Webb and T. Townshend (eds), Town and Country Planning in the UK, 15th edition, London, Routledge, 245–316.
DAVOUDI, S., CRAWFORD, J., RAYNOR, R., REID, B., SYKES, O. and SHAW, D. (2018), ‘Spatial imaginaries: tyrannies or transformations?’, Town Planning Review, 89, 97–124.
DAVOUDI, S. and STRANGE, I. (eds) (2009), Conceptions of Space and Place in Strategic Spatial Planning, London, Routledge.
DCLG (DEPARTMENT FOR COMMUNITIES AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT) (2010a), Planning Policy Statement 25: Development and Flood Risk, London, DCLG.
DCLG (DEPARTMENT FOR COMMUNITIES AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT) (2010b), Planning Policy Statement 25 Supplement: Development and Coastal Change, London, DCLG.
DCLG (DEPARTMENT FOR COMMUNITIES AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT) (2012), National Planning Policy Framework, London, DCLG.
DEFRA (DEPARTMENT FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOOD AND RURAL AFFAIRS) (2002), Safeguarding Our Seas: A Strategy for the Conservation and Sustainable Development of Our Marine Environment, London, DEFRA.
DEFRA (DEPARTMENT FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOOD AND RURAL AFFAIRS) (2003), Shoreline Management Plans, http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/flooding/policy/guidance/smp.htm (accessed 10 September 2012).
DEFRA (DEPARTMENT FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOOD AND RURAL AFFAIRS) (2004), Making Space for Water: Taking Forward a New Government Strategy for Flood and Coastal Erosion Risk Management in England – A Consultation Exercise, London, DEFRA.
DEFRA (DEPARTMENT FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOOD AND RURAL AFFAIRS) (2005), Making Space for Water: Taking Forward a New Government Strategy for Flood and Coastal Erosion Risk Management in England (First Government Response to the Autumn 2004 Making Space for Water Consultation Exercise), London, DEFRA.
DEFRA (DEPARTMENT FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOOD AND RURAL AFFAIRS) (2006a), Promoting an Integrated Approach to Management of the Coastal Zone (ICZM) in England: A Consultation Document, London, DEFRA.
DEFRA (DEPARTMENT FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOOD AND RURAL AFFAIRS) (2006b), Report from the United Kingdom: Implementation of (2002/413/EC) Recommendation of the European Parliament and of the Council, of 3 May 2002, Concerning the Implementation of Integrated Coastal Zone Management in Europe, http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/marine/documents/protected/iczm/ukreport-march06.pdf (accessed 5 September 2013).
DEFRA (DEPARTMENT FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOOD AND RURAL AFFAIRS) (2007), Summary of Responses to the Consultation: Promoting an Integrated Approach to Management of the Coastal Zone (ICZM) in England, London, DEFRA.
DEFRA (DEPARTMENT FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOOD AND RURAL AFFAIRS) (2008), A Strategy for Promoting an Integrated Approach to the Management of Coastal Areas in England, London, DEFRA.
DEFRA (DEPARTMENT FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOOD AND RURAL AFFAIRS) (2011), A Description of the Marine Planning System for England, London, DEFRA.
DOE (DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT) (1963), Circular: Coastline Preservation and Development, London, HMSO.
DOE (DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT) (1972), Circular: Planning of the Undeveloped Coast, London, HMSO.
DOE (DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT) (1992a), Government’s Response to the Second Report from the House of Commons Select Committee on the Environment: Coastal Zone Planning and Management, London, HMSO.
DOE (DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT) (1992b), PPG12, Development Plans and Regional Planning Guidance, London, HMSO.
DOE (DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT) (1992c), PPG 20: Coastal Planning, London, HMSO.
DOWER, J. (1945), National Parks in England and Wales (Cmd6628), London, HMSO.
DRANKIER, P. (2012), ‘Embedding maritime spatial planning in national legal frameworks’, Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning, 14, 7–27.
EC (EUROPEAN COMMISSION) (1979), Council Directive 79/409/EEC on the Conservation of Wild Birds, Brussels, European Commission.
EC (EUROPEAN COMMISSION) (1992), Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora, Brussels, European Commission.
EC (EUROPEAN COMMISSION) (1999a), Towards a European Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) Strategy: General Principles and Policy Options, Luxembourg, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
EC (EUROPEAN COMMISSION) (1999b), Lessons from the European Commission’s Demonstration Program on Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM), Brussels, European Commission.
EC (EUROPEAN COMMISSION) (2000a), Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council Establishing a Framework for Community Action in the Field of Water Policy, Brussels, European Commission.
EC (EUROPEAN COMMISSION) (2000b), On Integrated Coastal Zone Management: A Strategy for Europe (COM/00/547), Luxembourg, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
EC (EUROPEAN COMMISSION) (2002), Recommendation of the European Parliament and of the Council 2002/413/EC on the Implementation of Integrated Coastal Zone Management, Brussels, European Commission.
EC (EUROPEAN COMMISSION) (2006), Green Paper: Towards a Future Maritime Policy for the Union: A European Vision for the Oceans and Seas (COM (2006) 275), Brussels, European Commission.
EC (EUROPEAN COMMISSION) (2007), Directive 2007/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2007 on the Assessment and Management of Flood Risks (Floods Directive), Brussels, European Commission.
EC (EUROPEAN COMMISSION) (2008a), Directive 2008/56/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 Establishing a Framework for Community Action in the Field of Marine Environmental Policy (Marine Strategy Framework Directive), Brussels, European Commission.
EC (EUROPEAN COMMISSION) (2008b), Roadmap for Maritime Spatial Planning: Achieving Common Principles in the EU (COM/2008/791, communication), Brussels, European Commission.
EC (EUROPEAN COMMISSION) (2009), Council Directive 2009/147/EC on the Conservation of Wild Birds, Luxembourg, Official Journal of the European Union.
EC (EUROPEAN COMMISSION) (2010), Communication on Maritime Spatial Planning in the EU: Achievements and Future Development (COM (2010) 771), Brussels, European Commission.
EC (EUROPEAN COMMISSION) (2011), Council Directive 2011/92/EU on the Assessment of the Effects of Certain Public and Private Projects on the Environment (Environmental Impact Assessment Directive), Luxembourg, Official Journal of the European Union.
EC (EUROPEAN COMMISSION) (2012a), Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: Blue Growth Opportunities for Marine and Maritime Sustainable Growth (COM (2012) 494), Brussels, European Commission.
EC (EUROPEAN COMMISSION) (2012b), Links between the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD 2008/56/EC) and the Nature Directives (Birds Directive 2009/147/EEC and Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC), http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/natura2000/marine/docs/FAQ%20final%202012-07-27.pdf (accessed 21 October 2012).
EDWARDS, J. (2014), Lessons to Be Learned from the First Marine Plan, http://www.wildlifetrusts.org/blog/joan/2014/04/02/lessons-be-learned-first-marine-plan (accessed 5 April 2014).
EDWARDS, S., JONES, P. and NOWELL, D. (1997), ‘Participation in coastal zone management initiatives: a review and analysis on examples from the UK’, Ocean and Coastal Management, 36, 143–65.
EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCY (2006), The Changing Faces of Europe’s Coastal Areas, Luxembourg, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
FLANNERY, W. and O’CINNÉIDE, M. (2012a), ‘Deriving lessons relating to marine spatial planning from Canada’s Eastern Scotian shelf integrated management initiative’, Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 14, 97–117.
FLANNERY, W. and O’CINNÉIDE, M. (2012b), ‘A roadmap for marine spatial planning: a critical examination of the European Commission’s guiding principles based on their application in the Clyde MSP Pilot Project’, Marine Policy, 36, 265–71.
FLETCHER, S., JEFFERSON, R., GLEGG, G., RODWELL, L. and DODDS, W. (2014), ‘England’s evolving marine and coastal governance framework’, Marine Policy, 45, 261–68.
FRENCH, P. (2004), ‘The changing nature of, and approaches to, UK coastal management at the start of the twenty-first century’, Geographical Journal, 170, 116–25.
HEALEY, P. (2007), Urban Complexity and Spatial Strategies: Towards a Relational Planning for our Time, London, Routledge.
HILLIER, J. (2010), ‘Strategic navigation in an ocean of theoretical and practice complexity’, in J. Hillier and P. Healey (eds), The Ashgate Research Companion to Planning Theory, Farnham, Ashgate, 447–80.
HM GOVERNMENT (1944), The Control of Land Use (White Paper, Cmd 6537), London, HMSO.
HM GOVERNMENT (2011a), The Natural Choice: Securing the Value of Nature, London, TSO.
HM GOVERNMENT (2011b), UK Marine Policy Statement, London, TSO.
HM GOVERNMENT (2014), East Inshore and East Offshore Marine Plans, https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/312496/east-plan.pdf (accessed 21 July 2014).
HM GOVERNMENT (2018), South Inshore and South Offshore Marine Plans, https://assets.publishing. service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/726867/South_Marine_Plan_2018.pdf (accessed 15 December 2018).
HOUSE OF COMMONS ENVIRONMENT SELECT COMMITTEE (1992), Coastal Zone Protection and Planning (Second Report), London, HMSO.
HULL, A. (2013), ‘Managing competition for marine space using the tools of planning in the UK’, Planning Practice and Research, 28, 503–26.
JANSSEN, H., KIDD, S. and KVINGE, T. (2013), ‘A spatial typology for the sea: a contribution from the Baltic’, Marine Policy, 42, 190–97.
JAY, S. (2010), ‘Built at sea: marine management and the construction of marine spatial planning’, Town Planning Review, 81, 173–91.
JAY, S. (2012), ‘Marine space: manoeuvring towards a relational understanding’, Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning, 14, 81–96.
JAY, S., ELLIS, G. and KIDD, S. (2012), ‘Marine spatial planning: a new frontier?’, Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning, 14, 1–5.
KAY, R. and ALDER, J. (2005), Coastal Planning and Management, 2nd edn, London, Taylor and Francis.
KIDD, S., MALTBY, E., ROBINSON, L., BARKER, A. and LUMB, C. (2011), ‘The ecosystem approach and planning and management of the marine environment’, in S. Kidd, A. Plater and C. Frid (eds), The Ecosystem Approach to Marine Planning and Management, London, Earthscan, 1–33.
KIDD, S. and SHAW, D. (2014), ‘The social and political realities of marine spatial planning: some land-based reflections’, ICES Journal of Marine Science, 71, 1535–41.
LEDOUX, L., VERMAAT, J., BOUWER, L., SALOMONS, W. and TURNER, K. (2006), ‘ELOISE research and the implementation of EU policy in the coastal zone’, in J. Vermaat, L. Bouwer, K. Turner and W. Salomons (eds), Managing European Coasts: Past, Present and Future, Berlin, Springer, 1–58.
LEFEBVRE, H. (1991), The Production of Space (translated by Donald Nicholson-Smith), Oxford, Basil Blackwell.
LENNON, M. and SCOTT, M. (2014), ‘Delivering ecosystems services via spatial planning: reviewing the possibilities and implications of a green infrastructure approach’, Town Planning Review, 85, 563–87.
LEYSHON, C. (2018), ‘Finding the coast: environmental governance and the characterization of land and sea’, Area, 50, 150–58.
LYDDON, W. (1983), ‘Land use and environmental planning for the development of North Sea gas and oil: the Scottish experience’, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 4, 473–92.
MACEWEN, A. and MACEWEN, M. (1982), National Parks: Conservation or Cosmetics?, The Resource Management Series, 5, London, Allen and Unwin.
McGOWAN, L. (2011), ‘Practice and prospects for integrated coastal zone management in the UK’ (PhD thesis), University of Liverpool.
MARINE SCOTLAND (2010), Scottish Sustainable Marine Environment Initiative. Project Evaluation, Edinburgh, Marine Scotland.
MARINE SCOTLAND (2014), Scotland’s National Marine Plan, Edinburgh, The Scottish Government.
MASSEY, D. (2005), For Space, London, SAGE.
MEE, L., COOPER, P., KANNEN, A., GILBERT, A. and O’HIGGINS, T. (2015), ‘Sustaining Europe’s seas as coupled social–ecological systems’, Ecology and Society, 20, 1.
MULRENNAN, M. and SCOTT, C. (2000), ‘Mare nullius: indigenous rights in saltwater environments’, Development and Change, 31, 681–708.
MURDOCH, J. (2006), Post-structuralist Geography: A Critical Introduction, London, SAGE.
NATIONAL PARKS COMMITTEE (1947), Report of the National Parks Committee (England and Wales) (Cmd 7121), London, HMSO.
NICHOLLS, R., TOWNEND, H., BRADBURY, A., RAMSBOTTOM, D. and DAY, S. (2013), ‘Planning for long-term coastal change: experiences from England and Wales’, Ocean Engineering, 71, 3–16.
NORTH WEST REGIONAL ASSOCIATION (1994), Greener Growth: Regional Planning Guidance for North West England, Manchester, North West Regional Association.
O’HAGAN, A. and BALLINGER, R. (2009), ‘Coastal governance in North West Europe: an assessment of approaches to the European stocktake’, Marine Policy, 33, 912–22.
OLESEN, K. (2014), ‘The neoliberalisation of strategic spatial planning’, Planning Theory, 13, 288–303.
O’RIORDAN, T., NICHOLSON-COLE, S. and MILLIGAN, J. (2008), ‘Designing sustainable coastal futures’, Twenty-First Century Society, 3, 145–57.
PEEL, D. and LLOYD, G. (2004), ‘The social reconstruction of the marine environment: towards marine spatial planning?’, Town Planning Review, 75, 359–78.
PEEL, D. and LLOYD, G. (2008), ‘Government and planning policy in the marine environment: regulating aquaculture in Scotland’, Geographical Journal, 174, 361–73.
PEW OCEANS COMMISSION (2003), America’s Living Oceans: Charting a Course for Sea Change, Arlington, VA, Pew Oceans Commission.
PIERCE, J. and MARTIN, D. (2015), ‘Placing Lefebvre’, Antipode, 47, 1279–99.
PIERCE, J., MARTIN, D. and MURPHY, J. (2011), ‘Relational place-making: the networked politics of place’, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 36, 54–70.
POTTS, J. (1999), ‘The non-statutory approach to coastal defence in England and Wales: coastal defence groups and shoreline management plans’, Marine Policy, 23, 479–500.
QIU, W. and JONES, P. (2013), ‘The emerging policy landscape for marine spatial planning in Europe’, Marine Policy, 39, 182–90.
RODWELL, L., FLETCHER, S., GLEGG, S., CAMPBELL, M., REES, S., ASHLEY, M., LINLEY, E., FROST, M., EARLL, B., WYNNE, R., MEE, L., ALMADA-VILLELA, P., LEAR, D., STANGER, P., COLENUTT, A., DAVENPORT, F., BARKER-BRADSHAW, N. and COVEY, R. (2014), ‘Marine and coastal policy in the UK: challenges and opportunities in a new era’, Marine Policy, 45, 251–58.
ROE, M. (2000), ‘Landscape planning for sustainability: community participation in estuary management plans’, Landscape Research, 25, 157–81.
RYKS, J. (2014), ‘Land/seascapes of exclusion: the new colonial project’, Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 55, 38–53.
SAS, E., FISCHHENDLER, I. and PORTMAN, M. (2010), ‘The demarcation of arbitrary boundaries for coastal zone management: the Israeli case’, Journal of Environmental Management, 91, 2358–69.
SCOTTISH COASTAL FORUM (2004), A Strategy for Scotland’s Coast and Inshore Waters: Statement of Intent, Edinburgh, Scottish Coastal Forum.
SCOTTISH DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT (1974), North Sea Oil and Gas Coastal Planning Guidelines, Edinburgh, Scottish Office.
SCOTTISH EXECUTIVE (2005), Seas the Opportunity: A Strategy for the Long Term Sustainability of Scotland’s Coasts and Seas, Edinburgh, The Scottish Government.
SCOTTISH GOVERNMENT (2010), Scottish Planning Policy, Edinburgh, The Scottish Government.
SCOTTISH GOVERNMENT (2014), National Planning Framework 3, Edinburgh, The Scottish Government.
SCOTTISH GOVERNMENT (2015a), Circular 1/2015: The Relationship between the Statutory Land Use Planning System and Marine Planning and Licensing, Edinburgh, The Scottish Government.
SCOTTISH GOVERNMENT (2015b), Scotland’s National Marine Plan: A Single Framework for Managing Our Seas, Edinburgh, The Scottish Government.
SCOTTISH OFFICE (1996), Scotland’s Coasts: A Discussion Paper, Edinburgh, HMSO.
SCOTTISH OFFICE (1997), National Planning Policy Guideline 13: Coastal Planning, http://www.gov.scot/Publications/1997/08/nppg13-coastal (accessed 15 May 2014).
SCOTTISH OFFICE (1998), Planning Advice Note 53: Classifying the Coast for Planning Purposes, Edinburgh, HMSO.
SELMAN, P. and SWANWICK, C. (2010), ‘On the meaning of natural beauty in landscape legislation’, Landscape Research, 35, 3–26.
SHEAIL, J. (1975), ‘The concept of national parks in Great Britain 1900–1950’, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 66, 41–56.
SHIPMAN, B. and STOJANOVIC, T. (2007), ‘Facts, fictions and failures of integrated coastal zone management in Europe’, Coastal Management, 35, 375–98.
SHUCKSMITH, R., GRAY, L., KELLY, C. and TWEDDLE, J. (2014), ‘Regional marine spatial planning: the data collection and mapping process’, Marine Policy, 50, 1–9.
SILVER, J. (2014), ‘From fishing to farming: shellfish aquaculture expansion and the complexities of ocean space on Canada’s west coast’, Applied Geography, 54, 110–17.
SMITH, H., BALLINGER, R. and STOJANOVIC, T. (2012), ‘The spatial development basis of marine spatial planning in the United Kingdom’, Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 14, 29–47.
SMITH, H., MAES, F., STOJANOVIC, T. and BALLINGER, R. (2011), ‘The integration of marine and spatial planning’, Journal of Coastal Conservation, 15, 291–303.
SORENSEN, J. (1993), ‘The international proliferation of integrated coastal zone management efforts’, Ocean and Coastal Zone Management, 21, 45–80.
STEAD, S. and MCGLASHAN, D. (2006), ‘A coastal and marine national park for Scotland in partnership with integrated coastal zone management’, Ocean Coastal Management, 49, 22–41.
STEINBERG, P. (2013), ‘Of other seas: metaphors and materialities in maritime regions’, Atlantic Studies: Global Currents, 10, 156–69.
STEPHEN, F. and JONATHAN, P. (2008), ‘Coastal and marine governance in the United Kingdom: editorial’, Geographical Journal, 174, 295–98.
STOCKER, L. and KENNEDY, D. (2009), ‘Cultural models of the coast in Australia: toward sustainability’, Coastal Management, 37, 387–404.
STOJANOVIC, T. and BALLINGER, R. (2009), ‘Integrated coastal management: a comparative analysis of four UK initiatives’, Applied Geography, 29, 49–62.
STOJANOVIC, T. and BARKER, N. (2008), ‘Improving governance through local coastal partnerships in the UK’, Geographical Journal, 174, 344–60.
STOJANOVIC, T. and FARMER, C. (2013), ‘The development of world oceans and coasts and concepts of sustainability’, Marine Policy 42, 157–65.
TAUSSIK, J. (1996), ‘Development plans and the coastal zone’, Town Planning Review, 67, 397–420.
TAUSSIK, J. (1997), ‘The influence of institutional systems on planning the coastal zone: experience from England/Wales and Sweden’, Planning Practice and Research, 12, 9–19.
UN (UNITED NATIONS) (1982), United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, New York, UN.
UNESA (UNITED NATIONS DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL AFFAIRS) (1992), Agenda 21, https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/Agenda21.pdf (accessed 15 February 2015).
USCOP (US COMMISSION ON OCEAN POLICY) (2004), An Ocean Blueprint for the 21st Century: Final Report, Washington, DC, USCOP.
WALSH, C. (2018), ‘Metageographies of coastal management: negotiating spaces of nature and culture at the Wadden Sea’, Area, 50, 177–85.
WORLD COMMISSION ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT (1987), Our Common Future, Oxford, Oxford University Press.