Footnotes
*The author would like to thank the two anonymous referees ofLabour Historyfor their comments and suggestions.
1.Nick Dyrenfurth andFrank Bongiorno, A Little History of the Australian Labor Party(:UNSW Press, 2011), 123, 141–13;Michael Thompson, Labor without Class: The Gentrification of the ALP(:Pluto Press, 1999), 20–21;Michael Sexton, The Great Crash: The Short Life and Sudden Death of the Whitlam Government(:Scribe, 2005), 42;Katherine Betts, The Great Divide(:Duffy and Snellgrove, 1999), 17, 162–63.
2.Andrew Scott, Fading Loyalties: The Australian Labor Party and the Working Class(:Pluto Press, 1991), 25–26, 31–37.
3.Andrew Parkin andJohn Warhurst, ed., Machine Politics in the Australian Labor Party(:George Allen and Unwin, 1983). In particular, see the following essays from that collection:Tom Wheelwright, “New South Wales: The Dominant Right,” 36;James Jupp, “Victoria: Left, Right and Centre,” 83,Wayne Swan, “Queensland: Labor’s Graveyard?,” 117;Geoff Stokes, “South Australia: Consensus Politics,” 137;Dean Jaensch, “Northern Territory: Idiosyncratic Politics,” 224–25;Richard Davis, “Tasmania: Premiers and Parochial Politics,” 200.
4.Marian Wilkinson, The Fixer: The Untold Story of Graham Richardson(:William Heinemann, 1996), 84, 87–89;Ross Fitzgerald andHarold Thornton, Labor in Queensland from the 1880s to 1988(:UQP, 1989), 212.
5.Thompson, Labor without Class;Evan Thornley, “Architecture of Renewal,”inComing to the Party: Where Next for Labor?, ed.Barry Jones(:Melbourne University Publishing, 2006), 153.
6.Tony Harris, “Basket Weavers and True Believers: The Middle Class Left and the ALP: Leichardt Municipality c1970–1990”(PhD diss.,University of New South Wales, 2002), 299.
7.For a particularly egregious example, see the editorial,“Labor: Bourgeois Left versus Union Thugs,” Quadrant 50, no. 4(April2006):2–4.
8.Kevin Gill, interview with author, Canberra, 12 June2012.
9.Eric Sparke, Canberra 1954–1980(:Australian Government Publishing Service, 1988), 145.
10.Scott, Fading Loyalties, 26–44;Ian Ward, “A ‘New Look’ ALP? The Middle Classing of the Victorian Branch of the ALP 1961–1982”(PhD Thesis,Monash University, April1987), 19.
11.Harris, “Basket Weavers,” iii;Ward, “A New Look ALP,” 19.
12.Harris, “Basket Weavers,” 13–14.
13.L. F. Crisp, “The Labor Party: Then and Now,”inLabor Essays 1982, eds.Gareth Evans andJohn Reeves(:Drummond Publishing, 1982), 70–73;Alan White, “Jim Fraser: A Private Member and His Constituency”(Bachelor of Letters thesis,Australian National University, 1983), 87, 89.
14.Chris Monnox, “ACT Advisory Council Elected Members 1930–1974,”
ACT Heritage Library, accessed September 2014,http://www.library.act.gov.au/find/history/frequentlyaskedquestions/personal_stories/act_advisory_council,_1930–1974#ACT%20Advisory%20Council,%201930–1974;“Polling Today in ACT Elections,” Canberra Times, 22 September1951, 4;“Mr W. Byrne to Contest Council Poll,” Canberra Times, 12 August1953, 2;“Advisory Council Bid by Four Unionists,” Canberra Times, 16 July1964, 8;“A. D. Fraser Off Hospital Board Ticket,” Canberra Times, 3 August1964, 1.
15.News Item on ACT Electorate Council, 1957, in Papers of L. F. Crisp, MS 5243 (hereafter Crisp Papers), Box 42, National Library of Australia (NLA), Canberra;“Clerks Seek Cut in Union Fees,” Canberra Times, 31 August1956, 3.
17.White, “Jim Fraser,” 70–71;E. A. Lyall, “Local Issues and the Federal Member for the ACT”(seminar paper presented Australian National University, 3 November1970), 7–9, located in Crisp Papers, Box 49, NLA.
19.“Candidates Open Campaigns,” Canberra Times, 5 April1951, 4.
20.White, “Jim Fraser,” 75–76.
24.Ken Fry, A Humble Backbencher(:Ginninderra Press, 2002), 58.
25.Harris, “Basket Weavers,” 15.
26.Douglas Cole, “Challenge to Fraser for Labor Selection,” Canberra Times, 1 October1968, 1.
27.Ian MacDougall, Letter to the Editor, Canberra Times, 2 November1968, 2.
28.On the size of the Advisory Council, seeMonnox, “ACT Advisory Council Elected Members.”On the role of the Commonwealth in the administration of Canberra, seeSparke, Canberra, 189, 192.
29.Minutes of the 542ndMeeting of the ACT Advisory Council, Part 1, 19 September 1966, 2513–14; Minutes of the 542ndMeeting of the ACT Advisory Council, Part 4, 1 October 1966, 2671–72; Minutes of the 551stMeeting of the ACT Advisory Council, Part 3, 10 July 1967, 3561–70; all at NQ 994.7 AUS, NLA.“Abolish Hanging in the ACT!,” ACT Insight 2, no 1(1967):2.
30.“Calwell to Lead Anti-Ky Protest,” Canberra Times, 10 January1967, 1;“Calwell Applies for Protest Permit,” Canberra Times, 14 January1967, 3.
31.“NSW Police Accused of Brutality,” Canberra Times, 19 January1967, 1, 11;“Methods of NSW Police Backed,” Canberra Times, 20 January1967, 3.
32.Craddock Morton, Letter to the Editor, Woroni, 28 February1967, 2.
33.Minutes of the 546thMeeting of the ACT Advisory Council, Part 1, 31 January1967, 2994–3001.
34.Minutes of the 550thMeeting of the ACT Advisory Council, 23 May 1967, 3374–78; and J. D. Anthony to J. H. Pead, 13 June 1967, in Minutes of the 551stMeeting of the ACT Advisory Council, Part 1, 19 June1967.
35.“Votes Stacked,” Canberra Times, 29 October1968, 1.
36.The supporter was Professor Heinz Arndt; seeHeniz W. Arndt, “The ALP and Vietnam: A Different View,” Woroni, 25 April1966, 7.
37.Lyndall Ryan, Letter to the Editor, Canberra Times, 1 November1968, 2.
38.Megan Stoyles, Secretary’s Annual Report, Canberra Branch, Australian Labor Party, 1969, in Fraser Papers, Box 7, NLA.
39.Stephen Holt, “The Ideological War over Our First MP,” Canberra Times, 5 February2013, accessed September 2014,http://www.canberratimes.com.au/national/public-service/the-ideological-war-over-our-first-mp-20130202–2dqt4.html;Bruce Juddery, White Collar Power: A History of the ACOA(:George Allen and Unwin, 1980), 209–10, 216–17;Jim Gibbney, Canberra 1913–1953(:Australian Government Publishing Service, 1988), 160;Patrick Troy, interview with author, Canberra, 1 May2013.
40.S. G. Foster andMargaret Varghese, The Making of the Australian National University 1946–1996(:Allen and Unwin, 1996), 18, 65, 156–59, 173, 183, 197.
41.Ibid., 144, 149.
42.John Merritt, personal communication with author, 6 March 2014;Bob Whan, interview with author, Sydney, 26 April 2012;Gregory Clark, “Life Story,”chapter 4, 2005, Gregory Clark’s Web Site, accessed September 2014,http://gregoryclark.net/lifestory/page3/page3.html.
43.Commonwealth of Australia, Royal Commission on Australian Government Administration: Appendixes to Report, Volume 3(:Australian Government Publishing Service, 1976), 81, 90–91.
44.Paul Daley, Canberra(:UNSW Press, 2012), 281.
45.“Labor Branch Unhappy with ‘Uni Tag,’” Canberra Times, 30 October1968, 1;“Unions Act to Support Fraser,” Canberra Times, 4 November1968, 3.
46.Merritt, personal communication with author, 6 March2014.
47.Heinz W. Arndt, Letter to the Editor, Canberra Times, 1 November1968, 2;Heinz W. Arndt, A Course Through Life: Memoirs of an Australian Economist(:National Centre for Development Studies, 1985), 92.
49.John McFeat, Letter to the Editor, Canberra Times, 5 November1968, 2.
50.A Lindh, Letter to the Editor, Canberra Times, 18 November1968, 2.
51.Peter McCawley, Letter to the Editor, Canberra Times, 5 November1968, 2.
52.Peter Cantor, Letter to the Editor, Canberra Times, 6 November1968, 2.
53.“The Candidates,” Canberra Times, 3 September1964, 6;Ian Myerscough, “Mr Walsh ‘Unsure of his Future,’” Canberra Times, 6 January1977, 3;Seona Smiles, “The Surprise of a Candid Candidate,” Canberra Times, 6 September1967, 17.
55.J. P. O’Neill, 1966 Census Population and Housing, Volume 1, Part 1: Age(Bureau of Census and Statistics:, 1966), 19.
56.Official Voting List for Hospital Board and Advisory Council Pre-Selection, Canberra Branch, 5 July 1964;“Labor Branch Unhappy with ‘Uni Tag,’” Canberra Times, 30 October1968, 1.
58.White, “Jim Fraser,” 90.
59.Fry, A Humble Backbencher, 60; State Electorate Council Delegates lists 1967, 1968 and 1969 in Minutes of Annual Conferences 1966–1970 and State Congress 1971, [19]73 and [19]75, NSW ALP Records, MSS 5095, Item 525X, ML.
62.Ward, “A New Look ALP,” 238.
63.Scott, Fading Loyalties, 42;Ward, “A New Look ALP,” 48.
64.Harris, “Basket Weavers,” 70, 154, 300.