Labour History

Footnotes

*The author would like to thank the two anonymous referees ofLabour Historyfor their comments and suggestions. Google Scholar

1.For a discussion of this concept, seeDian Marie Hosking, “Organising, Leadership and Skilful Process,” Journal of Management Studies 25, no. 2(1988); Joseph Clarence Rost, Leadership for the Twenty-First Century(New York: Prager, 1993). Google Scholar

2.Jill Blackmore, “Social Justice and the Study and Practice of Leadership in Education: A Feminist History,” in “Administration and Leadership in Education: A Case for History?”special issue, Journal of Educational Administration and History 38, no. 2(2006):185–200. Google Scholar

3.Christina Cregan, “Can Organising Work? An Inductive Analysis of Industrial Attitudes to Union Membership,” Industrial and Labour Relations Review 58(2005):282. Google Scholar

4.Joan Eveline and Lorraine Hayden, eds, Carrying the Banner: Women, Leadership and Activism in Australia(:University of Western Australia Press, 1999), 153. Google Scholar

5.See for example,Edna Ryan and Anne Conlon, Gentle Invaders: Australian Women at Work 1788-1974, 2nd ed.(:Penguin, 1989); Patricia Grimshaw, “The ‘Equals and Comrades of Men?’Tocsinand ‘the Woman Question,’” inDebutante Nation: Feminism Contests the 1890s, ed., Susan Magarey, Sue Rowley and Susan Sheridan (Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 1993). Google Scholar

6.For example,Bobbie Oliver, Jean Beadle: A Life of Labor Activism(:University of Western Australia Press, 2007); Rosemary Francis, “Muriel Heagney (1885-1974): Pioneering Labour Woman Leader,” inFounders, Firsts and Feminists: Women Leaders in Twentieth-Century Australia, ed. Fiona Davis, Nell Musgrove and Judith Smart (Melbourne: eScholarship Research Centre, University of Melbourne, 2011), 205-217; Deborah Jordan, “Leading the Call for ‘One Vote and No More’: Emma Miller (1839-1917),” inSeizing the Initiative: Australian Women Leaders in Politics, Workplaces and Communities, ed., Rosemary Francis, Patricia Grimshaw and Ann Standish (Melbourne: eScholarship Research Centre, University of Melbourne, 2012), 50-60; Pam Young, Proud to Be a Rebel: The Life and Times of Emma Miller(Brisbane: University of Queensland Press, 1991); Brad Norington, Jennie George(Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1999); Jackie Dickenson, “Leadership in the Constituency Service of Women Labor Members of Parliament,” in Francis, Grimshaw and Standish, Seizing the Initiative, 392-405; Karin Dowling, “Recording Tasmanian Labour History: Analysing the Narratives of Three Breakthrough Women Union Leaders,”Tasmanian Historical Studies15 (2012): 151-74. Google Scholar

7.Blackmore, “Social Justice,” 186. Google Scholar

8.For a discussion offering a broader concept of leadership, seeAmanda Sinclair, “Doing Leadership Differently,”in Francis, Grimshaw and Standish, Seizing the Initiative, 15-34. Google Scholar

9.Gill Kirton and Geraldine Healy, “Women and Trade Union Leadership: Key Theoretical Concepts from UK-based Literature,”accessed February2013,http://hosted.busman.qmul.ac.uk/wtul/Files/17173.pdf; Melvina Metochi, “The Influence of Leadership and Member Attitudes in Understanding the Nature of Union Participation,”British Journal of Industrial Relations40, no. 1 (March 2002): 87-111. Google Scholar

10.Bob Bessant and Andrew Spaull, Teachers in Conflict(:Melbourne University Press, 1972), 98. Google Scholar

11.Jan Bassett, “Matters of Conscience”: A History of the Victorian Secondary Teachers’ Association(:Penfolk, 1995). Google Scholar

12.Andrew Spaull, “Teacher Union History,” History of Education Review 14, no. 2(1985): 1-3. Google Scholar

13.Claire Kelly, Women in the VSTA: A Record of the VSTA’s Curriculum and Industrial Policies Towards the Elimination of Sexism in Education(:VSTA, 1986). Google Scholar

14.Stuart Macintyre, A Concise History of Australia(:Cambridge University Press, 1999), 229. Google Scholar

15.Anna Booth, “Board Director and Policy Developer,” Macquarie University, accessed February2013,http://lmsf.mq.edu.au/women_management_work_conference_2011/speakers/anna_booth. Google Scholar

16.Bassett, Matters of Conscience, 118. Google Scholar

17.Barbara Pocock, “Trade Unionism,”inAustralian Feminism: A Companion, ed.,Barbara Caine(:Oxford University Press, 1998), 328. Google Scholar

18.Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex(:Penguin, 1953); Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique(Ringwood, Vic.: Penguin, 1965); Germaine Greer, The Female Eunuch(London: Granada, 1971). Google Scholar

19.Marjorie Theobald, Knowing Women: Origins of Women’s Education in Nineteenth-Century Australia(:Cambridge University Press, 1996), 162. Google Scholar

20.Hilary Gill and Nancy Russell, interview with author, August 10, 1998. Google Scholar

21.Jean Mee, interview with author, November 6, 1997. Google Scholar

22.Bassett, Matters of Conscience, 105. Google Scholar

23.Age, September 15, 1971, 3. Google Scholar

24.Kirton and Healy, “Women and Trade Union Leadership,” 7. Google Scholar

25.Mary Bluett, interview with author, March 18, 1997, August 8, 2000, June 21 and 30, 2011; Susan Hopgood, interview with author, March 3, 1999, September 13 and 22, 2011. The interviews conducted in the period 1997-2000 were part of the research for my PhD: “Of Secondary Concern? Women in the Victorian Secondary Teachers’ Association 1953-1995,” (PhD thesis, University of Melbourne, 2000). Those conducted in 2011 were for the National Library of Australia as part of an Australia Research Council funded project, “Women and Leadership in a Century of Australian Democracy.” Mary Bluett interviewed by Rosemary Francis in “Women and Leadership in a Century of Australian Democracy Oral History Project,” sound recording, National Library of Australia, accessed February 2013,http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/153791213?q&versionId=167682198_SusanHopgood interviewed by author in “Women and Leadership in a Century of Australian Democracy Oral History Project,” sound recording,http://trove.nla.gov.au/version/173469383. Google Scholar

26.Bluett and Hopgood, interviews. Google Scholar

27.Kirton and Healy, “Women and Trade Union Leadership,” 7. Google Scholar

29.Ibid. Google Scholar

30.Ibid. Google Scholar

31.Ibid. Google Scholar

32.Ibid. Google Scholar

34.Ibid. Google Scholar

35.Ibid. Google Scholar

36.Ibid. Google Scholar

40.Ibid. Google Scholar

43.Ibid. Google Scholar

44.Ibid. Google Scholar

45.Kirton and Healy, “Women and Trade Union Leadership,” 6. Google Scholar

46.Kelly, Women in the VSTA, 4, preface. Google Scholar

48.Ibid. Google Scholar

49.Ibid. Google Scholar

50.Ibid. Google Scholar

51.Kelly, Women in the VSTA, 77. Google Scholar

54.Ibid. Google Scholar

55.Suzanne Franzway, “Women Working in a Greedy Institution: Commitment and Emotional Labour in the Union Movement,” Gender, Work and Organisation 7, no. 4(2000):258–68. Google Scholar

56.Kirton and Healy, “Women and Trade Union Leadership,” 7. Google Scholar

57.Kelly, Women in the VSTA, 4. Google Scholar

58.Suzanne Franzway, “Editorial,” Hecate 26, no. 2(2000): 4. Google Scholar

59.Ruth Fowler, interview with author, January 13, 1998. Google Scholar

60.Eveline and Hayden, Carrying the Banner, 12. Google Scholar

61.Claire Kelly, interview with author, February 5, 1998. Google Scholar

62.Mary Bluerhad teaching experience in the country before completing her Arts degree and Dip. Ed. at Monash University. She was president of the Monash Association of Students. Google Scholar

63.Mary Bluer, “Policy for Women: Mary Bluer Comments,” Secondary Teacher(September1974):7. Google Scholar

64.Shelley Lavender, interview with author, March 25, 1999. Google Scholar

65.Ibid. Google Scholar

66.Kelly, Women in the VSTA, 7. Google Scholar

67.Bassett, Matters of Conscience, 147. Google Scholar

68.Mary Bluett, “Sexism in Education: A Discussion Paper,”Australian Education Union (AEU) Archives. Google Scholar

69.Kelly, Women in the VSTA, 26. Google Scholar

70.Eveline and Hayden, Carrying the Banner, 103. Google Scholar

71.Bernice Kelly, interview with author, May 23, 1999. Google Scholar

74.Anna Stewartwas a former journalist and active Victorian union official from1974to 1983. She died tragically in 1983, aged 35. She was a foundation member of the ACTU Womens Committee, which was formed in 1977. Google Scholar

79.Ibid. Google Scholar

80.Mary Bluett, “VSTA Council Farewells Brian Henderson,” VSTA News 15, no. 28(1994): 4. Google Scholar

81.Ibid. Google Scholar

82.Anne Phillips, Engendering Democracy(:Pennsylvania State University Press, 1991), 20. Google Scholar

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