Labour History

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Footnotes

3.Richard Tuffin, “‘Where the Vicissitudes of Day and Night are Not Known’: Convict Coal Mining in Van Diemen’s Land, 1822–1848,” Tasmanian Historical Studies 13(2008):54–56. Google Scholar

4.Stephen Nicholas andPeter R. Shergold, “A Labour Aristocracy in Chains,”inConvict Workers: Reinterpreting Australia’s Past, ed.Stephen Nicholas(:Cambridge University Press, 1988), 105. Google Scholar

5.For an overview of this historiography, seeDavid Andrew Roberts, “The ‘Knotted Hands That Set Us High’: Labour History and the Study of Convict Australia,” Labour History, no.100(May2011):33–50. Google Scholar

6.Philip Priestley, Victorian Prison Lives: English Prison Biography, 1830–1914(:Methuen, 1985), 135;Aparna Vaidik, “Working an Island Colony: Convict Labour Regime in the Colonial Andamans, 1858–1921,”inLabour Matters: Towards Global Histories: Studies in Honour of Sabyasachi Bhattacharya, ed.Marcel Van Der Linden andPrabhu P. Mohapatra(:Tulika Books, 2009), 57–81. Google Scholar

7.James Garman, “‘Detention Castles of Stone and Steel’: An Historical Archaeology of the First Rhode Island State Prison, 1838–1878”(PhD diss.,University of Massachusetts, 1999), 6. Google Scholar

8.For a discussion of this in the context of New South Wales, seeWilliam Robbins, “The Management of Convict Labour Employed by New South Wales Government 1788–1830”(PhD diss.,University of New South Wales, 2001). On the management of convict labour in context, seeMichael Quinlan, The Origins of Worker Mobilisation, Australia 1788–1850(:Routledge, 2018). Google Scholar

9.Hamish Maxwell-Stewart, “Convict Workers, ‘Penal Labour’ and Sarah Island: Life at Macquarie Harbour, 1822–1834,”inRepresenting Convicts: New Perspectives on Convict Forced Labour Migration, ed.Ian Duffield andJames Bradley(:Leicester University Press, 1997), 147. Google Scholar

10.Barrie Dyster, “Public Employment and Assignment to Private Masters, 1788–1821,”inConvict Workers: Reinterpreting Australia’s Past, ed.Stephen Nicholas(:Cambridge University Press, 1988), 149. Google Scholar

11.Maxwell-Stewart, “Convict Workers, ‘Penal Labour’ and Sarah Island,” 151. Google Scholar

12.Noel G. Butlin, Forming a Colonial Economy: Australia 1810–1850(:Cambridge University Press, 1994), 51–52;Stephen Nicholas, “The Convict Labour Market,”inNicholas, Convict Workers, 121–23; Stephen Nicholas and Peter Shergold, “Convicts as Workers,” inNicholas, Convict Workers, 65–66; Brian Walsh, “Assigned Convicts at Tocal: ‘Ne’er-Do-Wells’ or Exceptional Workers?”Journal of Australian Colonial History 8(2006): 87;David Kent andNorma Townsend, Convicts of the Eleanor: Protest in Rural England, New Lives in Australia(:The Merlin Press, 2002). Google Scholar

13.Barrie Dyster, “Bungling a Courthouse: A Story of Convict Workplace Reform,” Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society 93, no.1(2007): 1–21; William M. Robbins, “Governor Macquarie’s Job Descriptions and the Bureaucratic Control of the Convict Labour Process,”Labour History, no.96(May2009): 11–28; William M. Robbins, “The Supervision of Convict Gangs in New South Wales 1788–1830,”Australian Economic History Review 44, no.1(2004): 79–100; William M. Robbins, “The Lumber Yards: A Case Study in the Management of Convict Labour 1788–1832,”Labour History, no.79(November2000):141–61. Google Scholar

14.Robbins, “The Lumber Yards,” 145–47. Google Scholar

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17.Maxwell-Stewart, “Convict Workers, ‘Penal Labour’ and Sarah Island,” 145. Google Scholar

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21.Hamish Maxwell-Stewart, “The Rise and Fall of John Longworth: Work and Punishment in Early Port Arthur,” Tasmanian Historical Studies 6, no.2(1999):107–108. Google Scholar

22. Ibid.;Maxwell-Stewart, “Convict Workers, ‘Penal Labour’ and Sarah Island.” Google Scholar

23.Maxwell-Stewart, “Convict Workers, ‘Penal Labour’ and Sarah Island,”151;Maxwell-Stewart, “The Rise and Fall of John Longworth,” 104–106. Google Scholar

24.Walsh, “Assigned Convicts at Tocal,”90; Robbins, “The Lumber Yards,” 150; Nash, “Convict Shipbuilding”; Jackman, “Get Thee to Church,” 7; Maxwell-Stewart, “Convict Workers, ‘Penal Labour’ and Sarah Island,” 148, 156; Grace Karskens, “Defiance, Deference and Diligence: Three Views of Convicts in New South Wales Road Gangs,”Australian Journal of Historical Archaeology 4(1986):26. Google Scholar

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29.Tuffin, “Where the Vicissitudes of Day and Night are Not Known.” Google Scholar

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47.Note byJosiah Spode, Principal Superintendent, Ibid. Google Scholar

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